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Brown Noise (Term)

Brown Noise — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 06:11:54 -0600

In science, Brownian noise (), also known as Brown noise or red noise, is the kind of signal noise produced by Brownian motion, hence its alternative name of random walk noise. The term "Brown noise" comes not from brown, but after Robert Brown (botanist), the discoverer of Brownian motion.
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Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body (Research)

Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body — Tue, 31 Jan 2012 05:48:52 -0600

ï»¿DâMello, S., Dale, R., & Graesser, A. (2011). Disequilibrium in the mind, disharmony in the body. Cognition & emotion, 00(00), 1-13. doi:10.1080/02699931.2011.575767

Although it is generally acknowledged that experiences of frustration, confusion, and anxiety are embodied phenomena, very little is known about how these processes modulate presumably unconscious, but constantly present, subtle bodily movement. We addressed this problem by tracking the low-level dynamics of body movement, using 1/f noise, pink noise, or ‘‘fractal scaling’’, during naturalistic experiences of affect in two studies involving deep learning and effortful problem-solving. Our results indicate that body movement fluctuations of individuals experiencing cognitive equilibrium was characteristic of correlated pink noise, but there was a whitening of the signal when participants experienced states that are diagnostic of cognitive distress such as anxiety, confusion, and frustration. We orient our findings within theories that emphasise the embodied nature of cognition and affect and with perspectives that view affective and cognitive processes as emergent products of a self-organising dynamical system (the brain) that is inextricably coupled to the body.
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entropy (Item)

entropy — Sat, 20 Mar 2010 19:56:47 -0500

\[\[File:Ice water.jpg|thumb|Ice Entropy is a measure of how organized or disorganized a system is: "Gain of entropy eventually is nothing more nor less than loss of information"

Entropy is an important part of the second law of thermodynamics. Thermodynamic systems consist of objects, e.g. atoms or molecules, which "carry" energy. In applied thermodynamics, as a matter of convention, entropy is measured in Joules of energy per kelvin (a unit of temperature). If thermodynamic systems are described using thermal energy instead of temperature, then entropy is just a number by which the thermal energy in the system is multiplied. The resulting energy is an energy for which no information is available which would be required to convert the energy in technical systems from one form (e.g. electrical) into another form (e.g. mechanical).

In technical applications, machines basically are energy conversion devices. Thus, such devices only can be driven by convertible energy. The same applies to biological organisms. The product of thermal energy (or the equivalents of thermal energy) and entropy is "already converted energy". This is the reason why Rudolf Clausius in 1850 coined the term "entropy" based on the Greek εντροπία \[entropía\], from εν~ \[en~\] and τροπή \[tropē\] (turn, conversion).
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